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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-820540
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Asthma bronchiale im Kindes- und Erwachsenenalter: Risikofaktoren, Diagnose, Standardtherapie
Bronchial asthma in children and adults: risk factors, diagnosis and standard treatmentPublication History
eingereicht: 10.12.2003
akzeptiert: 18.2.2004
Publication Date:
25 February 2004 (online)

Das Asthma bronchiale ist eine der häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen des Kindes- und Erwachsenenalters. Neben der Bedeutung von Risikofaktoren rücken die potenziell protektiven Faktoren zunehmend in den Vordergrund des wissenschaftlichen Interesses. Die Therapie wurde durch den verbreiteten Einsatz inhalativer Glukokortikoide und langwirksamer Beta2-Sympathomimetika für viele Patienten optimiert. Die im Vergleich zu früheren Jahren damit deutlich einfachere und wirksamere Therapie verleitet jedoch oftmals dazu, einerseits die Ursachensuche und andererseits differentialdiagnostische und -therapeutische Aspekte (Abgrenzung Asthma - COPD) zu vernachlässigen. Die vorliegende Übersicht stellt den aktuellen Wissensstand über Risikofaktoren und potenziell protektive Faktoren, aber auch über klinisch-praktische Aspekte der Diagnose und Standardtherapie des Asthma bronchiale zusammen. Angesichts von nahezu 7000 Artikeln, die jährlich zum Thema Asthma bronchiale publiziert werden, haben wir unter Aktualisierung unserer Arbeiten [79] [35] [42] mit Setzung eigener Schwerpunkte hier die Form eines nicht-systematischen Reviews gewählt. Auf die aktuelle Asthma-Leitlinien der Arzneimittelkommission der Deutschen Ärzteschaft (3, www.akdae.de) sowie der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Pneumologie (1998, http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/WWW/AWMF/ll/ppneu-10.htm) wird verwiesen. Eine Nationale Versorgungs-Leitlinie unter der Trägerschaft der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften, hier speziell unter Beteiligung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie, der Bundesärztekammer und der Kassenärztlichen Bundesvereinigung befindet sich in Vorbereitung, ebenso die Aktualisierung der Asthma-Leitlinie der Deutschen Atemwegsliga in der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie [83].
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Prof. Dr. med. Dennis Nowak
Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Umweltmedizin, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Innenstadt
Ziemssenstraße 1
80336 München
Phone: 089/5160/2301
Fax: 089/5160/4445
Email: Dennis.Nowak@med.uni-muenchen.de